ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Se presenta experiencia realizada en Servicio de Salud Talcahuano, de masculinización mamaria en el proceso de reasignación sexual, de transexuales masculinos. En Chile se estima que habrían 754 mujeres transexuales. Materiales y Método: Estudio de 47 individuos, intervenidos en Hospital Las Higueras de Talcahuano, entre 2006 y 2019, sometidos a masculinización mamaria mediante mastectomía subcutánea y reconstrucción del complejo areolomamilar. Resultados: Se intervinieron pacientes de todo el país; 59% corresponde a octava región; 42,5% operados entre los años 2017 y 2018. Un 36% rango de edad de 18 a 22 años. Un 68% IMC entre 24 y 30. Según el tamaño de las mamas, 57% copa B, 31% C, 12% D y 12% de gigantomastía. Un 29%, peso promedio de la mastectomía fue de 600 g; un 29% de 300 gramos y en 9% más de 800 g por lado. En 68% se utilizó abordaje submamario e injerto de piel total del complejo aréola pezón (CAP); otras tecnicas fueron periareolar, incisión en T y liposucción. La complicación más frecuente fue la colección. Biopsia normal en un 100%. Discusión: Experiencia pionera en Chile, realizada en un Hospital Público, en el difícil proceso de reasignación de género, en la población transexual de Chile. Individuos muy estigmatizados de parte de la comunidad, que encontraron en el Servicio de Salud de Talcahuano, una mano amiga, que les extendió su apoyo desinteresado y calificado, logrando excelentes resultados finales.
Aim: Describe the experience in Talcahuano Helath Service, of mammary masculinization in the sexual reassignment process, of male transsexuals. In Chile it is estimated that there will be 754 transsexual women. Materials and Method: Study of 47 individuals, operated at Las Higueras Hospital in Talcahuano, between 2006 and 2019, subjected to breast masculinization by subcutaneous mastectomy and reconstruction of the areolomamilar complex. Results: Patients from all over the country were operated; 59% corresponds to the Bio-Bio province; 42.5% operated between 2017 and 2018. A 36% range of ages from 18 to 22 years. 68% BMI between 24 and 30. According to the size of the breasts, 57% B cup, 31% C, 12% D and 12% gigantomasty. At 29%, the average weight of the mastectomy was 600 grams; 29% of 300 grams and 9% more than 800 grams per side. In 68%, the submammary approach and total skin graft of the CAP were used; Other techniques were periareolar, incision in T and liposuction. The most frequent complication was the collection. 100% normal biopsy. Discussion: Pioneering experience in Chile, carried out in a public hospital, in the difficult process of gender reassignment, in the transsexual population of Chile. Individuals very stigmatized by the community, who found in the Health Service of Talcahuano, a helping hand, which extended their selfless and qualified support, achieving excellent final results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/methods , Transgender Persons , Nipples/surgery , Age Distribution , Plastic Surgery ProceduresABSTRACT
La mastectomía bilateral en pacientes transexuales de mujer a hombre es uno de los primeros procedimientos quirúrgicos y cuyos resultados son la creación de una pared torácica para el paciente trans. Su anatomía diferente y sus componentes serán reubicados y correspondidos con el de un paciente femenino. Se obtiene, entonces, un tórax estéticamente agradable en el cual la base está en la ubicación del complejo areola pezón (CAP), que será reposicionado y se cambiará de tamaño acorde al sexo reasignado. La técnica quirúrgica elegida ha sido conservando la irrigación del pedículo inferior y con conservación del CAP, el cual luego será reposicionado y modificado con respecto a su tamaño. Y en segundo tiempo su conformación final. Revisión y actualización tanto de la estética como la satisfacción del paciente trans.
Bilateral mastectomy in female-to-male transsexual patients is one of the first surgical procedures and whose results are the creation of a thoracic wall for the trans patient, its different anatomical and its components will be relocated and matched with that of a patient female. An aesthetically pleasing thorax is then obtained in which the base is in the location of the nipple areola complex (CAP), it will be repositioned and it will be resized according to the reassigned sex. The surgical technique chosen has been conserving the irrigation of the lower pedicle and conserving the CAP, which will then be repositioned and modified with respect to its size. And in the second time its final conformation. Review and update of both the aesthetics and satisfaction of the trans patient.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Surgical Flaps , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/methods , Treatment Outcome , Mammaplasty , Transgender Persons , Surgical Clearance , Gender Dysphoria/surgeryABSTRACT
Introdução: A indicação da mastectomia contralateral profilática (MCP) tem aumentado nos últimos anos nas pacientes fora do grupo de alto risco, apesar de seu benefício oncológico controverso em relação à sobrevida. A possibilidade da reconstrução mamária é um dos fatores mais importantes desse aumento. O objetivo é avaliar pacientes submetidas à MCP quanto às indicações e complicações após a reconstrução imediata. Método: Avaliação das pacientes submetidas à reconstrução mamária imediata após mastectomia terapêutica e MCP quanto às indicações e complicações. Resultados: Das 13 pacientes do estudo, apenas 4 apresentavam indicação de MCP por alto risco (forte história familiar). As outras indicações foram busca pela simetria, controle da ansiedade em relação à nova neoplasia e risco acumulado pela idade. Ocorreram apenas complicações menores, sem necessidade de reoperação em 4 das 13 pacientes (30,76%) e num total de 26 mamas reconstruídas foram registradas 8 complicações (30,76%). Conclusão: A realização da MCP tem aumentado, sendo que as indicações transcendem o ponto de vista oncológico, com impacto direto na atuação do cirurgião plástico quanto aos aspectos que envolvem a reconstrução, tanto no planejamento quanto suas complicações.
Introduction: Prophylactic contralateral mastectomy (PCM) has been increasingly indicated in recent years for patients outside of the high-risk group, although its cancer benefit in terms of survival remains controversial. The possibility of breast reconstruction is one of the most important factors for this indication. The objective of this study was to evaluate the indications and complications after immediate breast reconstruction in patients who underwent PCM. Method: Indications and complications were evaluated in patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction after therapeutic mastectomy and PCM. Results: Of the 13 patients in the study, only 4 had a high-risk indication for PCM (strong family history). The other indications were desire for symmetry, control of anxiety related to neoplasm recurrence, and age-related risk. Only minor complications occurred, without a need for reoperation, in 4 of the 13 patients (30.76%). Eight complications (30.76%) in 26 reconstructed breasts were recorded. Conclusion: The number of PCM procedures has been increasing and the indications transcend the oncological point of view, directly influencing the performance of plastic surgeons with respect to the planning and complications of breast reconstruction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Postoperative Complications/rehabilitation , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/adverse effects , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/methods , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/rehabilitation , Mammaplasty/methods , Mammaplasty/rehabilitation , Breast Implantation/adverse effects , Breast Implantation/methods , Postoperative Complications , Surgery, Plastic , Breast Neoplasms , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous , Risk Factors , Mammaplasty , Breast Implantation , Plastic Surgery ProceduresABSTRACT
Introdução: A reconstrução imediata de mama realizada com o expansor de Becker é uma técnica de reconstrução versátil e consolidada na prática médica. Apresentamos uma proposta original com o uso do expansor de Becker associado a um segundo implante mamário. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo realizado no período de janeiro de 2014 a outubro de 2016 no Hospital A.C. Camargo. A análise dos prontuários das pacientes reconstruídas com Becker 35 avaliou o índice e tipo de complicações e a associação de rádio e quimioterapia e comorbidades das pacientes com 5 casos de associação de implantes. Resultados: 193 reconstruções com Becker em 168 pacientes. Vinte cinco casos com reconstrução bilateral. Idade média de 47 anos e 33% apresentaram comorbidades. Cento e dezenove (62%) pacientes seguiram radioterapia e quimioterapia pós-operatórias. Complicações: seroma em 7 pacientes, hematoma no retalho da mastectomia em 2 pacientes, necrose parcial do retalho da mastectomia em 3 pacientes, necrose/infecção com exposição do expansor em 2 pacientes. O total de complicações foi de 9,5%. Um total de 133 (69%) pacientes foram submetidas a esta segunda etapa cirúrgica para complementação da reconstrução da mama, sendo o expansor de Becker substituído por um implante definitivo. As pacientes com uso de Becker 35 associado a outro implante não apresentaram complicações. Conclusões: A associação do implante-expansor de Becker 35 a um segundo implante mamário foi eficaz em atingir um volume maior nas reconstruções mamárias com baixo índice de complicações.
Introduction: Immediate breast reconstruction performed with the Becker expander is a versatile and accepted technique. We present an original proposal for the use of the Becker expander for a second breast implant. Methods: A retrospective study was performed between January 2014 and October 2016. Medical records were used to evaluate the indications and complications, the use of radio- and chemotherapy, and comorbidities in all patients, including 5 in whom combined implantation was performed. Results: The Becker expander was used for 193 reconstructions in 168 patients, including 25 cases with bilateral reconstructions. The average patient age was 47 years, and 33% had comorbidities. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed in 119 patients (62%). Complications included seroma in 7 patients, hematoma in the mastectomy flap in 2 patients, partial necrosis of the mastectomy flap in 3 patients, and necrosis/infection with expander exposure in 2 patients. Complications occurred in 9.5% of the cases. A total of 133 (69%) patients underwent a second surgical stage to complement breast reconstruction, with the Becker expander being replaced by a definitive implant. Patients in whom the Becker 35 expander was used in a second breast implant developed no complications. Conclusions: the use of the Becker 35 expander for a second breast implant was effective in achieving greater volume in breast reconstruction with a low rate of complications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Breast/surgery , Breast/injuries , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/methods , Mammaplasty/adverse effects , Mammaplasty/rehabilitation , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Seroma/surgery , Seroma/complications , Seroma/rehabilitation , Postoperative Complications , Radiotherapy , Breast , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous , Mammaplasty , Breast Implants , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Seroma , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
Introdução: O câncer de mama é o tipo mais comum entre as mulheres (excetuando-se os de pele não melanoma) e nos últimos anos seu tratamento evoluiu muito com as mastectomias preservadoras de pele. As mamas com ptose grau II e III são de difícil abordagem e necessitam da redução estética do envelope cutâneo após o procedimento de adenomastectomia. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de janeiro de 2013 a janeiro de 2016 em que foram incluídas todas as pacientes submetidas à adenomastectomia e reconstruídas imediatamente através de redução do envelope cutâneo com a técnica de marcação de Pitanguy associada ao emprego de prótese ou expansor no plano submuscular superiormente e abaixo do retalho dermicogorduroso inferiormente. Resultados: Um total de 15 pacientes foram operadas pela técnica proposta, contabilizando um total de 25 mamas (10 casos foram bilaterais). Doze pacientes apresentavam câncer, duas realizaram cirurgia profilática e uma apresentava fibroadenoma gigante juvenil. Em dois casos foi utilizado expansor e em 23 mamas foi colocada a prótese definitiva em um único tempo cirúrgico. Em três mamas o complexo aerolopapilar (CAP) foi ressecado por motivos oncológicos; dos 22 preservados, em 15 foi realizado enxerto e em 7 ascensão através de retalho de pedículo superior. Houve 5 casos de complicação (20%), sendo 3 seromas (12%), 1 necrose na junção do 'T' (4%), e 1 necrose total do CAP (4%). Conclusão: A técnica descrita fornece um método eficaz e reproduzível de reconstrução mamária imediata com prótese em um tempo único em pacientes com mamas volumosas. Contudo, deve-se selecionar bem os pacientes, pois não se pode negligenciar os riscos de complicações.
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of neoplasm among women (except for non-melanoma skin cancers), and in the past few years, its treatment greatly evolved with skin-sparing mastectomies. Breasts with grades II and III ptosis are difficult to approach and require an aesthetic reduction of the cutaneous envelope after adenomastectomy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2013 to January 2016. This included all patients undergoing adenomastectomy and immediate reconstruction via reduction of the cutaneous envelope using Pitanguy's marking technique associated with the use of a prosthesis or expander above the submuscular plane and below the dermal fat flap. Results: A total of 15 patients were operated on based on the proposed technique, accounting for a total of 25 breasts (10 cases were bilateral). Twelve patients had cancer; two underwent prophylactic surgery; and one developed juvenile giant fibroadenoma. In two cases, an expander was used, and in 23 breasts, a definitive prosthesis was placed in a single surgical period. In three breasts, the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) was resected for oncological reasons; of the 22 preserved, 15 underwent grafting, and seven underwent elevation through the superior pedicle flap. There were five complications (20%): three seromas (12%), one necrosis at the "T" junction (4%), and one total NAC necrosis (4%). Conclusion: The technique described is an effective and reproducible method of immediate breast reconstruction using implants in a single period in patients with large breasts. However, the right patients should be selected because the risks of complications cannot be neglected.